What are the first aid procedures used in cases of heat stress, and when is medical attention necessary?

• A. Get the victim to shade or a cooler area, carefully remove PPE or other clothing that may be making them hot, cool the victim rapidly with cool water, and have the victim drink as much cool water as possible, and keep them calm.
• B. Call 911 immediately and stay still.
• C. Apply heat packs and run to sweat more.
• D. Do nothing.

Answer: (A)

The main idea is to respond to heat stress with rapid cooling, hydration if able, and steps to prevent progression to a more serious condition, while knowing when medical help is needed. Moving the person to shade or a cooler area, removing clothing or gear that traps heat, and cooling the body quickly with cool water or damp cloths helps lower the core temperature fast and reduces the strain on the heart and organs. Encouraging water intake is helpful if the person is awake and able to swallow, but you don’t force fluids if they’re nauseated or unconscious. Keeping the person calm and monitored during cooling helps prevent overheating from agitation or further exertion.

Medical attention becomes necessary if symptoms are severe or don’t improve after cooling. Signs that heat emergency care is needed include confusion or disorientation, fainting, seizures, very high body temperature, or if the person cannot drink or stay awake. In those cases, or if heat stroke is suspected, call emergency services immediately and continue cooling while waiting for help.

The other options aren’t appropriate because they either delay cooling, involve adding heat, or do nothing at all.